{"id":1105,"date":"2022-10-27T17:49:47","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T17:49:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=1105"},"modified":"2022-12-20T16:19:44","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T16:19:44","slug":"pegasus-invasive-spyware-or-national-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/pegasus-invasive-spyware-or-national-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Pegasus: invasive spyware or national security?"},"content":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Samuel Woodhams\u00a0| Digital rights researcher and journalist<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I\u2019m\u00a0Samuel Woodhams<\/a>, a digital rights researcher and journalist based in London.<\/em><\/p>\n

The saga of the\u00a0NSO Group\u2019s invasive Pegasus spyware<\/a>\u00a0continues, with yet another victim confirmed this month by the University of Toronto\u2019s Citizen Lab and digital rights group,\u00a0R3D<\/a>. The organisations said\u00a0Mexican opposition politician August\u00edn Basave Alan\u00eds was targeted<\/a>\u00a0in September 2021, making him the fourth person allegedly hacked during Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador\u2019s presidency.<\/p>\n

Spyware like Pegasus enables complete control of a target\u2019s phone. It gives the intruder remote access to the device\u2019s microphone, camera and almost all of the data stored on the device.\u00a0 \u201cThis is a very powerful tool… a violation of my most personal spaces and communications,\u201d Alan\u00eds told reporters.<\/p>\n

Earlier this month, Citizen Lab and R3D said that two journalists and a human rights defender had also been recently targeted in Mexico, while last year it was reported that 50 people close to the president\u00a0may have been selected for monitoring between 2016-17<\/a>. Despite mounting evidence, the president has\u00a0denied the most recent allegations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A year on from the\u00a0Pegasus Project revelations<\/a>, and the number of people allegedly targeted by spyware continues to rise. But so too does the number of official investigations into the industry, with former United Nations Special Rapporteur David Kaye writing that \u201cthe elements of a\u00a0global process to constrain the industry<\/a>\u201d are now emerging.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

The word Pegasus and binary code are displayed on a smartphone which is placed on a keyboard in this illustration taken May 4, 2022. REUTERS\/Dado Ruvic<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

Continued misuse of spyware<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Authorities in Mexico are definitely not alone in facing accusations of misusing spyware. A few weeks ago, it was revealed that several\u00a0Indonesian officials had been targeted<\/a>\u00a0by similar technology, while politicians in the United States,\u00a0India<\/a>\u00a0and across\u00a0Europe<\/a>\u00a0have also reportedly been affected.<\/p>\n

Most governments have remained tight-lipped about their acquisition of the tech.\u00a0Some have\u00a0defended its use<\/a>\u00a0for national security purposes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Leaks, technical studies and investigative reporting continue to shed light on the topic. Last week, for example, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP),\u00a0unearthed contracts<\/a>\u00a0between India\u2019s Intelligence Bureau and the NSO Group for equipment that appears to be required to run Pegasus.<\/p>\n

Evidence of the misuse of spyware has become so overwhelming that Amnesty International, along with over 100 other organisations, called for a temporary ban on the sale, transfer and use of the technology.<\/p>\n

\u201cA culture of impunity specific to targeted digital surveillance has developed that must be urgently countered,\u201d they wrote in\u00a0an open letter<\/a>\u00a0last year. \u201cOur rights and the security of the digital ecosystem as a whole depend on it.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Surveillance<\/p>\n

Surveillance cameras (CCTV) are seen in Bangkok, Thailand, June 1, 2018. REUTERS\/Athit Perawongmetha<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

Growing challenges to spyware<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Since then, several governments have launched investigations that may curb the spread of the technology in the future.<\/p>\n

In Mexico, the attorney general\u2019s office\u00a0recently said<\/a>\u00a0it was looking into the previous administration\u2019s procurement of Pegasus. Prosecutors are investigating a contract worth 457 million pesos ($23 million) between the former attorney general\u2019s office and the Israeli company.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s supreme court has launched an independent investigation into the use of the spyware, while in Spain a series of probes into the use of Pegasus to spy on Catalans surrounding the 2017 independence referendum were launched.<\/p>\n

The European Parliament also recently set up a new committee to investigate the use of spyware by member states,\u00a0saying<\/a>\u00a0it would \u201cinvestigate alleged breaches of EU law\u201d and in June, NSO\u2019s lawyer appeared at a hearing of the committee. Officials at the U.N. have also\u00a0repeatedly raised concerns<\/a>\u00a0about the technology.<\/p>\n

The impact of these interventions is yet to be fully felt, but it\u2019s undeniable that international pressure is mounting on companies and officials responsible for making and using these invasive surveillance products.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

Is this the end of the spyware industry?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

There are signs that the increased scrutiny is having a material impact on NSO Group. The company\u00a0laid off 100 employees<\/a>\u00a0in August, and CEO Shalev Hulio also stepped down. The company was\u00a0blacklisted in the United States<\/a>\u00a0and Apple, along with Meta, have launched lawsuits against the firm.<\/p>\n

But even if recent allegations effectively curb the influence of NSO Group, that will by no means represent the end of the industry. Although NSO Group has gained a huge amount of attention recently, they are far from the only company involved in developing this type of technology. In fact, there\u2019s a chance that there are companies building and selling very similar technology that we\u2019ve never heard of.<\/p>\n

Recent revelations from Mexico and Indonesia suggest there is likely more to come and, with each new report, international pressure will only increase further. As awareness of the ways the technology poses a threat to human rights increases, so too does the likelihood of passing meaningful regulations.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s now up to governments to follow through with their investigations and intervene accordingly.<\/p>\n

We’re always happy to hear your suggestions about what to cover in this newsletter – drop us a line:\u00a0newsletter@context.news<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Recommended Reading (and watching):\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fred Guterl,\u00a0Special report: When spyware turns phones into weapons<\/a>, Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Oct. 13, 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

An in-depth investigation into the many ways spyware has been used to threaten journalists, their sources, and media freedom globally. The report concludes with a range of insightful recommendations on how to curb the influence of the industry.<\/p>\n

Ronan Farrow,\u00a0How Democracies Spy on Their Citizens<\/a>, The New Yorker, Apr. 18, 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

A fascinating and powerful piece of journalism that illuminates the inner workings of NSO Group and the big tech companies waging war against it. One of the best reports to show that it\u2019s not just authoritarian regimes misusing the tech.<\/p>\n

Donncha \u00d3 Cearbhail & Bill Marczakl,\u00a0Exploit archaeology: A forensic history of in-the-wild NSO Group exploits<\/a>, YouTube, Oct. 24, 2022\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Citizen Lab\u2019s Bill Marczak and Amnesty International\u2019s Donncha \u00d3 Cearbhail discuss their\u00a0new report<\/a>\u00a0at the VB2022 conference in Prague recently. It covers their forensic analysis of compromised devices and provides technical details about the attacks.<\/p>\n

David Kaye,\u00a0Here\u2019s what world leaders must do about spyware<\/a>, CPJ, Oct. 13, 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaye has long been a proponent of restricting the use of spyware tech. As a U.N. Special Rapporteur, he\u00a0called for a global moratorium<\/a>\u00a0on the use, sale, and transfer of the technology back in 2019. This article explores what\u2019s happened since and what needs to happen next to limit its misuse.<\/p>\n

Any views expressed in this newsletter are those of the author and not of Context or the Thomson Reuters Foundation<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Samuel Woodhams\u00a0| Digital rights researcher and journalist I\u2019m\u00a0Samuel Woodhams, a digital rights researcher and journalist based in London. The saga of the\u00a0NSO Group\u2019s invasiveRead More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[2676,2667,967,2679,1643,2673,2672,2665,2666,2675,2671,2467,2669,776,2670,791,2470,2469,2674,2668,2678,2664,2677,2173,2468,1654,888,744],"class_list":["post-1105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","tag-amnesty-international","tag-andres-manuel-obrador","tag-apple","tag-augustin-basave-alanis","tag-bangkok","tag-basave","tag-bill-marczak","tag-citizen-lab","tag-computer-and-network-surveillance","tag-david-kaye","tag-donncha","tag-espionage","tag-fred-guterl","tag-india","tag-indonesia","tag-mexico","tag-nso-group","tag-pegasus","tag-prague","tag-ronan-farrow","tag-samuel-woodhams","tag-samuel-woodhams-digital","tag-shalev-hulio","tag-spain","tag-spyware","tag-thailand","tag-thomson-reuters-foundation","tag-united-states"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-10-04T153250Z_1097553035_RC2QZT90PKUM_RTRMADP_3_MEXICO-POLITICS-CYBER-1024x683.webp","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-10-04T153250Z_1097553035_RC2QZT90PKUM_RTRMADP_3_MEXICO-POLITICS-CYBER-300x200.webp","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2022-10-04T153250Z_1097553035_RC2QZT90PKUM_RTRMADP_3_MEXICO-POLITICS-CYBER-1024x683.webp"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPegasus: invasive spyware or national security? 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