{"id":1643,"date":"2023-01-13T11:51:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=1643"},"modified":"2023-01-13T11:51:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:51:19","slug":"2022-wasnt-the-year-of-cleopatra-so-why-was-she-the-most-viewed-page-on-wikipedia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/2022-wasnt-the-year-of-cleopatra-so-why-was-she-the-most-viewed-page-on-wikipedia\/","title":{"rendered":"2022 wasn\u2019t the year of Cleopatra \u2013 so why was she the most viewed page on\u00a0Wikipedia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Taha Yasseri<\/a>, University College Dublin<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

At the end of every year, I gather statistics on the most viewed Wikipedia articles of the year. This helps me, a computational social scientist, understand what topics captured the most attention and gives me a chance to reflect on the major public events of the year. I try to use data to determine how the public (and more specifically here, English-language Wikipedia readers) will collectively remember the past year.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, US presidential election, and Kobe Bryant\u2019s death were among the most memorable events. According to Wikipedia readers, 2021 will be remembered for Netflix\u2019s Squid Game, the men\u2019s European Football Championship and the death of Prince Philip.<\/p>\n

But in 2022, the list is topped<\/a> by a somewhat unexpected name \u2013 Cleopatra.<\/p>\n

Most articles at the top of the list are related to major world events, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the death of the Queen and the men\u2019s football World Cup. Elon Musk and Johnny Depp also made the list. In addition to perennial favourites such as the Bible and YouTube, there are a couple of surprises that were probably influenced by external factors like media and popular culture.<\/p>\n

For example, the article about Jeffrey Dahmer, the notorious US serial killer who died in 1994, had more than 54 million views, coming in at number two. While aggregate page view statistics alone may not provide a complete understanding of why Wikipedia users were interested in certain topics, changes in view statistics over time can provide clues. <\/p>\n

In the case of Dahmer, an increase in page traffic corresponds with the release of the Netflix series Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story<\/a> on September 21. This suggests that the series may have prompted readers to learn more about Dahmer from Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

\n \"Two
\n Daily page view counts of Jeffrey Dahmer and Cleopatra articles in English Wikipedia for 2022.<\/span>
\n Author provided<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

However, the massive interest in the article about Cleopatra remains a mystery. While there were some news stories about a remake of the classic movie<\/a> and a Superbowl commercial featuring Cleopatra<\/a>, these do not fully explain the significant number of views. The day-to-day viewership statistics of the Cleopatra article also do not point to any specific event as the cause.<\/p>\n

It also doesn\u2019t show the typical rapid decay pattern of public attention. My colleagues and I have found in our past work<\/a> that online attention usually has a short half-life of five to eight days, similar to what we see in the case of the Dahmer page.<\/p>\n

Hey Google, tell me about Cleopatra<\/h2>\n

Trying to find the reason for the sudden spike in views of the Cleopatra article, I turned to the internet for answers. Soon, someone on Twitter provided a clue<\/a>: the Google Assistant app, which uses voice recognition to allow users to interact with their phones through conversation, may be responsible.<\/p>\n

Launched in 2016, the app is now built into at least 1 billion devices and has more than 500 million monthly users<\/a>. When you install the app and start using it, it provides examples of the types of requests you can make. <\/p>\n

These include commands for your phone\u2019s operating system, such as \u201cOpen YouTube,\u201d or requests to initiate a web search, such as \u201cHow many ounces in a cup?\u201d The app can also perform a combination of actions, such as \u201cShow Cristiano Ronaldo on Instagram,\u201d which would open the Instagram app and bring up Ronaldo\u2019s profile.<\/p>\n

\n \"Six
\n Examples of the Google Assistant\u2019s command suggestions.<\/span>
\n Author provided<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

One of the prompts the app provides to demonstrate its capabilities is \u201cTry saying: Show Cleopatra on Wikipedia\u201d. Sure enough, in 2022, approximately more than 50 million people followed this prompt. Before Google Assistant became widespread in 2020<\/a>, the annual views on Cleopatra were around 2.5 million.<\/p>\n

\n \"A
\n The Google Assistant prompt that is probably responsible for growing interest in Cleopatra\u2019s Wikipedia page. Before 2020, the views remained low.<\/span>
\n Author provided<\/span><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Designing collective attention<\/h2>\n

The article\u2019s popularity was probably greatly influenced by a prompt provided by the Google Assistant app, a seemingly arbitrary decision made by Google UX designers.<\/p>\n

This is more than just an interesting coincidence. Researchers in the fields of social data science and web analytics often use statistics such as Google search volumes and Wikipedia page views to study attention and popularity dynamics. In addition to predicting the success of movies<\/a> at the box office I used such data to study electoral popularity<\/a> as well. <\/p>\n

While these rather new data sources can be useful and exciting, and great proxies for monitoring human behaviour online, they can lead to misleading analysis. In 2013, Google researchers tried \u2013 and failed<\/a> \u2013 to predict the severity of the flu season by analysing user search data. <\/p>\n

It\u2019s important for researchers in computational social science to also consider qualitative methods and in-depth case studies to understand the story behind the data.<\/p>\n

\n \"A
\n \u2018Hey Google, show me Cleopatra on Wikipedia.\u2019<\/span>
\n fizkes \/ Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

More importantly, the Cleopatra example highlights the impact that seemingly small decisions by designers can have on directing collective attention to certain topics and issues, sometimes with more serious consequences. Google has been criticised<\/a> for ranking search results in a way that prioritises its own products. <\/p>\n

My previous research has shown how links on Wikipedia can drive significant traffic<\/a> to certain articles, and how promoting certain petitions on the front page of a petitioning website can significantly alter the distribution of signatures<\/a> and therefore chances of receiving widespread attention for certain political causes.<\/p>\n

This phenomenon shows how a small change or design decision can have large-scale effects when it reaches millions of users through digital technology. In this case, no harm was done and maybe we learned a bit more about Cleopatra and her relationship with Julius Caesar. But the significant power that high-tech and media companies have in shaping and influencing public attention should not be overlooked.<\/p>\n

Taha Yasseri<\/a>, Associate Professor, School of Sociology; Geary Fellow, Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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