{"id":1689,"date":"2023-01-19T08:05:03","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T08:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2023-01-31T18:52:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T18:52:17","slug":"how-the-fifa20-video-game-reproduces-the-racial-stereotypes-embedded-within-football","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/how-the-fifa20-video-game-reproduces-the-racial-stereotypes-embedded-within-football\/","title":{"rendered":"How the Fifa20 video game reproduces the racial stereotypes embedded within\u00a0football"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Lutsenko_Oleksandr | Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

Paul Ian Campbell<\/a>, University of Leicester<\/a><\/em> and Marcus Maloney<\/a>, Coventry University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

EA Sports\u2019 Fifa football videogame series is arguably the most successful sports gaming franchise of all time. Since its debut in 1993, it has sold over 260 million copies across 29 iterations. This position was reaffirmed in 2022, with its latest instalment, Fifa23, reported<\/a> as the UK\u2019s highest selling videogame at Christmas. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In Fifa games \u2013 soon to be rebranded as EA Sports FC \u2013 gamers are able to simulate playing as, and against, their idols, with state-of-the-art graphics and individual player attributes that are assigned to match the abilities of real-world players. It is, as the franchise\u2019s website puts it<\/a>, the \u201cmost true-to-life experience of the world\u2019s game\u201d without physically kicking a ball about. <\/p>\n

Our recent study<\/a> into the Fifa20 game shows that physical play wasn\u2019t the only thing the game replicated. It also reproduced \u2013 within its very coding \u2013 the racial stereotypes that are deeply embedded within the sport.<\/p>\n

How digital players are ranked<\/h2>\n

In Fifa, gamers choose to play as almost any professional club or national team. These are digital versions of current, real-world squads, which include players from Paris St Germain\u2019s Kylian Mbapp\u00e9 to Chelsea\u2019s Samantha Kerr. Each player\u2019s performance level is determined by a score<\/a> of 1 to 99, assigned to them by the game\u2019s data collection team, which determines their ranking within the game. <\/p>\n

This score is an aggregate value of the scores the player gets on 29 different competencies. These range<\/a> from the player\u2019s ability to perform \u201clong shots\u201d and how high they can \u201cjump\u201d to their \u201cstrength\u201d and \u201caggression\u201d. And the scores are based on the data collection team\u2019s interpretation of the real-world player\u2019s competencies. <\/p>\n

In 2020, we collated data from what was, at the time, the latest instalment in the Fifa series: Fifa20. We examined the aggregate scores assigned to the white and black digital players who were ranked as the game\u2019s top 100 players<\/a>. We found that when it came to competencies that the game itself had classified as \u201cphysical\u201d, black players scored more highly in almost all cases compared to white players. <\/p>\n

This included in relation to their sprint speed (79.15 to 71.63), ability to jump (78.19 to 71.24), physical strength (76.69 to 72.0), balance (76.69 to 75.45) and levels of aggression (74.04 to 71.5).<\/p>\n

When it came to attributes that the game classified as relating to a player\u2019s technical or cognitive ability, the reverse was apparent. White digital players\u2019 scores were, on average, higher than black players in almost all categories. <\/p>\n

White players had higher average scores for their ability to cross a ball (72.29 to 71.35), to accurately take free kicks (67.98 to 64.53) and to accurately curve a pass (74.53 to 71.04). They scored more highly for composure (85.4 to 84.62) too. <\/p>\n

Put simply, our study found that the aggregate scores for the digital players\u2019 sporting attributes directly correlated with the racial stereotypes associated with black and white footballers in real life.<\/p>\n

The \u201cnatural black athlete\u201d stereotype<\/h2>\n

Sociological studies on racism in sports commentary have consistently found<\/a> that football match commentators overwhelming \u201csee\u201d and praise white athletes for their intelligence and black players for their inherent physical prowess \u2013 even when black and white footballers are doing the exact same thing on the pitch. <\/p>\n

This racist bias is traceable back to pseudoscience that emerged<\/a> in Europe during the enlightenment era. White people were argued to be the most evolved, with the largest skull sizes \u2013 the most intelligent, learned and civilised. Black people, conversely, were positioned as the least evolved, with the smallest brains, physically and intellectually as close to other animals as they were to white humans. <\/p>\n

These beliefs were deployed to argue that black people were naturally more
\ndurable, faster, stronger and less intelligent than white people. This facilitated the view that black people were inherently better suited to physically demanding labour. It also made them \u201cnatural\u201d athletes.<\/p>\n

The fact that this perception of black talent as simply the result of players\u2019 biology persists in professional football was perhaps most clearly demonstrated in 2018 by ex-Wimbledon footballer, Vinnie Jones. In a TalkSport radio interview, Jones said<\/a> that if it were not for Chelsea and England forward Raheem Sterling\u2019s inherent ability to run fast, he would not even be a professional footballer, let alone an England international player. (Jones later said he\u2019d changed his mind<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

Why this coding matters<\/h2>\n

Numerical values represent the foundation on which videogames are built. They influence every aspect of gameplay. In the case of Fifa20, the attributes coded into the virtual football experience dictated what these digital players could do, how they performed, and their artificial intelligence. Crucially, they shaped what the gamer literally feels when controlling each player. <\/p>\n

You play this kind of game with a gaming controller. The tech in these pieces of kit responds to the scores that each player has coded into them. If a player scores high in their ability to dribble or to run fast, that is communicated to you through a series of vibrations you feel through your controller. <\/p>\n

The game\u2019s descriptions<\/a> of attributes put it plainly: scores for balance \u201cinfluence how responsive the player you are controlling feels. High stats for agility and balance mean you\u2019ll move fluidly. A low score for balance will mean your player could feel sluggish and unresponsive.\u201d <\/p>\n

It follows that the racial differences present within the coding mean that, on average, black and white digital players would feel very different to the gamer who is controlling them. In this sense, players of Fifa20 could well learn racial difference \u2013- and often from a very young age \u2013- through seeing and feeling digital players perform differently. <\/p>\n

In her 2021 book, On Video Games<\/a>, visual culture and gaming scholar Soraya Murray shows how gaming is a powerful space though which children and adults learn racial stereotypes and difference. Our findings demonstrate further subtle ways in which these stereotypes are reinforced. <\/p>\n

There is a risk that children are effectively taught that black and white athletes are meaningfully \u201cdifferent\u201d through sight, sound and touch \u2013 through the seemingly innocent and banal act of play.<\/p>\n

The Conversation has reached out to EA Sports for comment.<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Ian Campbell<\/a>, Associate Professor in Sociology (Race and Inclusion in sport and in education), University of Leicester<\/a><\/em> and Marcus Maloney<\/a>, Assistant Professor in Sociology, Centre for Postdigital Cultures, Coventry University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lutsenko_Oleksandr | Shutterstock Paul Ian Campbell, University of Leicester and Marcus Maloney, Coventry University EA Sports\u2019 Fifa football videogame series is arguably the mostRead More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[722,416,1742,4119,2435,1740,4126,4122,4124,4123,4125,726,4128,4120,723,4121,1739,2641,4127],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-games","tag-creative-commons","tag-culture","tag-cultures","tag-esports","tag-fifa","tag-gamer","tag-germain-s","tag-marcus-maloney","tag-paul-ian-campbell","tag-raheem-sterling","tag-samantha-kerr","tag-shutterstock","tag-soraya-murray","tag-stereotype","tag-united-kingdom","tag-video-game","tag-video-game-culture","tag-video-gaming","tag-vinnie-jones"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/file-20230105-26-7ywgsc-1024x678.jpg","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/file-20230105-26-7ywgsc-300x199.jpg","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/file-20230105-26-7ywgsc-1024x678.jpg"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow the Fifa20 video game reproduces the racial stereotypes embedded within\u00a0football - 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