{"id":1741,"date":"2023-01-27T00:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T00:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2023-01-27T00:14:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T00:14:33","slug":"the-spy-clause-and-the-end-of-anonymity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/the-spy-clause-and-the-end-of-anonymity\/","title":{"rendered":"The spy clause and the end of anonymity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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By\u00a0Samuel Woodhams\u00a0| Digital rights researcher and journalist<\/p>\n

The long, turbulent history of UK\u2019s Online Safety Bill can be traced back to 2017, with the publication of the\u00a0Internet Safety Strategy<\/a>\u00a0green paper. Since then, the proposed legislation has gone through endless revisions, been delayed and, at times, looked like it might be dropped entirely.<\/p>\n

Now the bill, which aims to protect people online, is finally\u00a0nearing completion<\/a>. Last week, it was transferred to the House of Lords for the final round of revisions and, with cross-party support, it looks more likely than ever to pass into law.<\/p>\n

Despite all the time and effort politicians have spent working on the bill, major questions about its potential impact on privacy remain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
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The end of private messaging?<\/h3>\n

One of the most controversial aspects of the legislation is the so-called spy clause. It means online platforms must actively monitor for child sexual abuse material (CSAM).<\/p>\n

As per a recently\u00a0updated government document<\/a>, the legislation will enable Ofcom, the communications watchdog, \u201cto require a platform to use highly accurate technology to scan public and private channels for child sexual abuse material\u201d while ensuring legal content isn\u2019t affected.<\/p>\n

Although well-intentioned, in practice it\u2019s impossible to monitor private, encrypted communications without impacting everyone. That\u2019s because end-to-end encryption (E2EE) used by the likes of WhatsApp, iMessage and Signal only allows the sender and recipient to view the contents of messages. To comply with the legislation, companies will either have to deploy\u00a0client-side scanning software<\/a>\u00a0or create back-doors that undermine encryption for everyone.<\/p>\n

Both options risk being abused, increase the risk of bad actors gaining access to people\u2019s conversations, and may even\u00a0breach the European Convention on Human Rights<\/a>. As digital rights groups\u00a0have previously warned<\/a>, \u201cFar from protecting children, such a requirement would\u2026 introduce vulnerabilities into their platforms that jeopardise not only device security but place the rights of all users, including children, at grave risk.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"An<\/p>\n

An encryption message is seen on the WhatsApp application on an iPhone in Manchester , Britain March 27, 2017. REUTERS\/Phil Noble<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
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Encrypted messaging apps may even decide to leave the country rather than comply with the law,\u00a0as the head of WhatsApp recently indicated<\/a>. With over 40 million users in the UK, WhatsApp has become a vital tool for almost everyone,\u00a0including politicians<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s no understatement to say that if these provisions remain, the bill could effectively end private messaging in the UK, and encourage other governments to do the same.<\/p>\n

No more online anonymity?<\/h3>\n

The proposed legislation will also \u201cforce social media companies to stop anonymous users spreading hate.\u201d The issue came under the spotlight after several England football players were subjected to a barrage of\u00a0racist abuse online<\/a>\u00a0during the European Football Championship in 2020.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s clear platforms need to do more to check racist abuse. But removing the ability to be anonymous online could have major implications for the entire web. As former United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, David Kaye, argued back in 2015: \u201cencryption and anonymity enable individuals to exercise their rights to freedom of opinion and expression in the digital age and, as such, deserve strong protection.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anonymity isn\u2019t always the problem, either.\u00a0According to Twitter<\/a>, 99% of accounts that posted racist messages during the Euros weren\u2019t anonymous. As with other elements of the bill, it seems the government is focusing on digital problems at the expense of solving real-world causes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
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Expanding age verification<\/h3>\n

As part of the government\u2019s plans to keep minors safe online, the bill also proposes stronger age verification for companies \u201cwhose sites pose the highest risk of harm to children.\u201d But checking people\u2019s age online is fraught with difficulties: it increases the risk of data breaches and inadvertently\u00a0creates dangerous loopholes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

If age verification is introduced on all porn websites as the government intends, there will be a huge increase in demand for circumvention technology like VPN apps. Using a VPN would allow anyone to bypass the legislation by connecting to a website via a server located outside the UK.<\/p>\n

To counter this obvious technical shortcoming, the Labour Party recently called for a report on VPN use to make sure they\u2019re not being used by people to get around elements of the bill. But even if the government decided to tackle this problem, preventing people from using VPNs \u2013 which are a vital security tool for businesses and citizens alike \u2013 is a tough challenge. Just ask Russia, China or\u00a0Iran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

A girl during online school while her parents work from home and take care of a toddler amid surging COVID-19 cases caused by the coronavirus Omicron variant, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada January 7, 2022. REUTERS\/Carlos Osorio<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
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What\u2019s next?<\/h3>\n

The Online Safety Bill\u2019s long and arduous journey to becoming law may soon be complete. And with it, privacy online in the UK may be radically undermined. It could also encourage democratic and undemocratic countries alike to adopt increasingly repressive internet laws.<\/p>\n

But all\u2019s not lost just yet. In the coming weeks, members of the House of Lords will debate the legislation. One hopes they\u2019re more privacy-conscious and digitally literate than their colleagues in the House of Commons.<\/p>\n

Any views expressed in this newsletter are those of the author and not of Context or the Thomson Reuters Foundation<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

We’re always happy to hear your suggestions about what to cover in this newsletter – drop us a line:\u00a0newsletter@context.news<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Recommended Reading<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Index on Censorship,\u00a0New legal opinion on the Online Safety Bill<\/a><\/strong>, Nov. 29, 2022<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

At the end of last year, the Index on Censorship commissioned lawyer Mathew Ryder to publish a legal opinion on the Online Safety Bill. He found that it would likely be unlawful under European and domestic human rights frameworks.<\/p>\n

Open Rights Group,\u00a0Who\u2019s checking in on your chats in private online spaces?<\/a><\/strong>, Nov. 30, 2022<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

This policy brief shows how the Online Safety Bill will increase surveillance, describes the various approaches that the government could adopt, and outlines the risks of undermining encryption and implementing client-side scanning.<\/p>\n

Center for European Policy Analysis,\u00a0UK threatens blowtorching internet platforms \u2013 including Wikipedia<\/a>, Dec. 16, 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

This piece by Rebecca Mackinnon and Phil Bradley-Schmieg points to threats the bill poses to non-commercial, public interest platforms such as Wikipedia, as the bill does not distinguish between community-governed content moderation models and advertising-driven business models of commercial platforms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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