{"id":2308,"date":"2023-04-10T14:53:05","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T14:53:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=2308"},"modified":"2023-04-10T14:53:05","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T14:53:05","slug":"easter-eggs-their-evolution-from-chicken-to-chocolate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/easter-eggs-their-evolution-from-chicken-to-chocolate\/","title":{"rendered":"Easter eggs: their evolution from chicken to\u00a0chocolate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/serin-quinn-1420433\">Serin Quinn<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-warwick-1238\">University of Warwick<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>A lot of Easter traditions \u2013 including hot cross buns and lamb on Sunday \u2013 stem from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-history-of-easter-feasts-and-why-the-english-breakfast-might-be-medieval-180521\">medieval Christian<\/a> or even earlier pagan beliefs. The chocolate Easter egg, however, is a more modern twist on tradition.<\/p>\n<p>Chicken eggs have been eaten at Easter for centuries. Eggs have long symbolised rebirth and renewal, making them perfect to commemorate the story of Jesus\u2019 resurrection as well as the arrival of spring.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Although nowadays eggs can be eaten during the fasting period of Lent, in the middle ages they were prohibited along with meat and dairy. Medieval chefs often found surprising ways around this, even making <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlasobscura.com\/articles\/mock-medieval-foods\">mock eggs<\/a> to replace them. <\/p>\n<p>For Easter \u2013 a period of celebration \u2013 eggs and meat, such as lamb (also a symbol of renewal), were back on the table.<\/p>\n<p>Even once eggs were permitted in fasting meals, they kept a special place in the Easter feast. Seventeenth-century cookbook author <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo2\/A51636.0001.001\/1:10.7?rgn=div2;view=fulltext\">John Murrell recommended<\/a> \u201cegges with greene sawce\u201d, a sort of pesto made with sorrel leaves.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-right zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=1000&#038;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A painting showing three young girls rolling dyed blue eggs in the grass on a spring day.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=237&#038;fit=clip\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=735&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=735&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=735&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=923&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=923&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518762\/original\/file-20230331-22-s84ty.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=923&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 2262w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Rolling Easter Eggs by Edward Atkinson Hornel (1905).<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/artuk.org\/discover\/artworks\/rolling-easter-eggs-21356\/search\/keyword:easter-egg--referrer:global-search\/page\/1\/view_as\/grid\">Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Across Europe, eggs were also <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4732984\/easter-eggs-history-origins\/\">given as a tithe<\/a> (a sort of yearly rent) to the local church on Good Friday. This might be where the idea of giving eggs as a gift comes from. The practice died out in many Protestant areas after the Reformation, but some English villages kept the tradition going until the 19th century.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not known exactly when people started to decorate their eggs, but <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/eggateaster00vene\/page\/262\/\">research has pointed<\/a> to the 13th century, when King Edward I gave his courtiers eggs wrapped in gold leaf.<\/p>\n<p>A few centuries later, we know that people across Europe were dying their eggs different colours. They usually chose yellow, using onion peel, or red, using madder roots or beetroots. The red eggs are thought to symbolise the blood of Christ. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books?id=yh6E8D1CHhwC&#038;hl=de&#038;pg=PA241-IA6#v=onepage&#038;q&#038;f=false\">One 17th-century author<\/a> suggested this practice went as far back as early Christians in Mesopotamia, but it\u2019s hard to know for sure.  <\/p>\n<p>In England, the most popular way of decorating was with petals, which made colourful imprints. The Wordsworth Museum in the Lake District still has <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WordsworthGras\/status\/714107987107913729\">a collection of eggs<\/a> made for the poet\u2019s children from the 1870s.<\/p>\n<h2>From dyed eggs to chocolate eggs<\/h2>\n<p>Although dyeing patterned eggs is still a common Easter activity, these days eggs are more commonly associated with chocolate. But when did this shift happen? <\/p>\n<p>When chocolate arrived in Britain in the 17th century, it was an exciting and very expensive novelty. In 1669, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brepolsonline.net\/doi\/abs\/10.1484\/J.FOOD.5.129873\">Earl of Sandwich paid \u00a3227<\/a> \u2013 the equivalent of around \u00a332,000 today \u2013 for a chocolate recipe from King Charles II.<\/p>\n<p>Today chocolate is thought of as a solid food, but then it was only ever a drink and was usually <a href=\"https:\/\/rarecooking.com\/2016\/01\/28\/chacolet-from-rebeckah-winches-receipt-book-at-the-folger-shakespeare-library\/\">spiced with chilli pepper<\/a> following Aztec and Maya traditions. For the English, this exotic new drink was like nothing they\u2019d ever encountered. <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo2\/A44919.0001.001\/1:5.48?rgn=div2;view=fulltext\">One author called it<\/a> the \u201cAmerican Nectar\u201d: a drink for the gods.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=1000&#038;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An illustrated advert for Fry's hot chocolate shows a pair of children drinking hot chocolate in bed, with the words 'Hooray! It's Fry's' written on the bed sheet.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=440&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=440&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=440&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=553&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=553&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518763\/original\/file-20230331-26-lu5ski.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=553&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 2262w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><\/a><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">An advert for Fry\u2019s hot chocolate (c.1900-1909).<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/wellcomecollection.org\/works\/p2u4mf9f\/images?id=g9w2dz5r\">Wellcome Collection<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Chocolate was soon a fashionable drink for the aristocracy, often given as a gift thanks to its high status, a tradition still followed today. It was also enjoyed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books?id=zhzVN39UciQC&#038;newbks=1&#038;newbks_redir=0&#038;source=gbs_navlinks_s\">newly opened coffee houses<\/a> around London. Coffee and tea had also only just been introduced to England, and all three drinks were rapidly changing how Britons socially interacted with each other.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07409710701273282?journalCode=gfof20\">Catholic theologians<\/a> did connect chocolate with Easter in this time, but out of concern that drinking chocolate would go against fasting practices during Lent. After heated debate, it was agreed that chocolate made with water might be acceptable during fasts. At Easter at least \u2013 a time of feasting and celebration \u2013 chocolate was fine.<\/p>\n<p>Chocolate remained expensive into the 19th century, when Fry\u2019s (now part of Cadbury) made the <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/truehistoryofcho0000coes_o3r0\/page\/242\/\">first solid chocolate bars in 1847<\/a>, revolutionising the chocolate trade.<\/p>\n<p>For the Victorians, chocolate was much more accessible but still something of an indulgence. Thirty years later, in 1873, Fry\u2019s developed the first chocolate Easter egg as a luxury treat, merging the two gift-giving traditions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Supermarket shelves stacked with colourful Easter egg boxes.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=600&#038;h=450&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=566&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=30&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=566&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/518778\/original\/file-20230331-16-9b170n.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=15&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;h=566&#038;fit=crop&#038;dpr=3 2262w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Chocolate eggs went mainstream in the 1960s.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/exeter-devon-england-march-6th-2019-1334619116\">Wise Dog Studio\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Even in the early 20th century, these chocolate eggs were seen as a special present, and many people never even ate theirs. A woman in Wales <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-wales-61154848\">kept an egg<\/a> from 1951 for 70 years and a museum in Torquay recently bought an egg that had been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-devon-56419025\">saved since 1924<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It was only in the 1960s and 1970s that supermarkets began to offer <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/easter-eggs-were-once-a-rare-luxury-so-how-did-they-become-so-commonplace-94151\">chocolate eggs at a cheaper price<\/a>, hoping to profit off the Easter tradition.<\/p>\n<p>With rising concerns over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/jun\/15\/climate-crisis-to-hit-europes-coffee-and-chocolate-supplies\">long-term chocolate production<\/a> and bird flu provoked egg shortages, future Easters might look a little different. But if there is one thing that Easter eggs can show us, it\u2019s the adaptability of tradition.<\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/serin-quinn-1420433\">Serin Quinn<\/a>, PhD Candidate, Department of History, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-warwick-1238\">University of Warwick<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/easter-eggs-their-evolution-from-chicken-to-chocolate-203074\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Serin Quinn, University of Warwick A lot of Easter traditions \u2013 including hot cross buns and lamb on Sunday \u2013 stem from medieval Christian<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/easter-eggs-their-evolution-from-chicken-to-chocolate\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[5577,5578,5571,722,5575,16330,5570,5567,5576,16333,16332,16331,5574,5579,773,16329,5580,726,16328,723,921],"class_list":["post-2308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-interest","tag-cadbury","tag-charles-ii","tag-chocolate","tag-creative-commons","tag-easter","tag-easter-bunny","tag-easter-egg","tag-easter-traditions","tag-edward-atkinson-hornel","tag-egg","tag-egg-tapping","tag-eggs-as-food","tag-hot-chocolate","tag-john-murrell","tag-london","tag-mesoamerican-cuisine","tag-serin-quinn","tag-shutterstock","tag-snack-foods","tag-united-kingdom","tag-wales"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/file-20230331-135-x9cmsv-1024x745.jpg","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/file-20230331-135-x9cmsv-300x218.jpg","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/file-20230331-135-x9cmsv-1024x745.jpg"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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