{"id":3917,"date":"2023-06-22T10:49:23","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T10:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=3917"},"modified":"2023-06-22T10:49:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T10:49:23","slug":"how-scammers-use-psychology-to-create-some-of-the-most-convincing-internet-cons-and-what-to-watch-out-for","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/how-scammers-use-psychology-to-create-some-of-the-most-convincing-internet-cons-and-what-to-watch-out-for\/","title":{"rendered":"How scammers use psychology to create some of the most convincing internet cons \u2013 and what to watch out\u00a0for"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stacey Wood<\/a>, Scripps College<\/a><\/em> and Yaniv Hanoch<\/a>, University of Southampton<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Online fraud is today\u2019s most common crime<\/a>. Victims are often told they are foolish for falling for it, but fraudsters use psychological mechanisms to infiltrate the defences of their targets, regardless of how intelligent they are. <\/p>\n

So it\u2019s important to keep up with the latest scams and understand how they work. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Recently, consumer protection magazine Which? identified some of the most convincing scams of 2023<\/a>. These scams all have one thing in common \u2013 they insidiously take advantage of people\u2019s cognitive biases and psychological blind spots. <\/p>\n

They included \u201cpig butchering\u201d a way of fattening up victims with affection, the missing person scam which involves posting fake content on social media pages, the traditional PayPal scam, and a new scam called the \u201cfake app alert\u201d in which malware is hidden on apps that look legitimate. <\/p>\n

Pig butchering<\/h2>\n

In our work as fraud psychology researchers we have noticed a trend towards hybrid scams, which combine different types of fraud. Hybrid scams often involve crypto investments and sometimes use trafficked labour<\/a> In the US alone, the FBI recently reported<\/a> that people lost US $3.3 billion (\u00a32.6 billion) in 2023 to investment fraud. <\/p>\n

Pig butchering is a long-term deception. This type of scam<\/a> combines elements of romance scams<\/a> with an investment con. The name comes from the strategy of \u201cfattening up\u201d a victim with affection before slaughter<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It will usually begin with standard scam approach like a text<\/a>, social media message, or an introduction at a job board site. <\/p>\n

Victims may have their guard up at first. However, these scams can unfold over months, with the scammer slowly gaining the victims\u2019 trust and initiating a romantic relationship all the while learning about their vulnerabilities. <\/p>\n

For example, details of their financial situation, job stresses, and dreams about the life they want. Romance scammers often saturate their targets with affection and almost constant contact. Pig butchering sometimes involves several trafficked people working as a team to create a single persona. <\/p>\n

Once the victim depends on the scammer for their emotional connection, the scammer introduces the idea of making an investment and uses fake crypto platforms to demonstrate returns. The scammers may use legitimate sounding cryptocoins and platforms. Victims can invest and \u201csee\u201d strong returns online. In reality, their money is going directly to the scammer.<\/p>\n

Once a victim transfers a substantial amount of money to the con artist, they are less likely to pull out. This phenomenon is known as the \u201csunk cost fallacy\u201d<\/a>. Research has shown people are likely to carry on investing money, time and effort in activities they have already invested in and ignore signs the endeavour isn\u2019t in their best interests. <\/p>\n

When the victim runs out of money or tries to withdraw funds, they are blocked.<\/p>\n

The victim is left with not only financial devastation, but also the loss of what they may imagine to be their most intimate partnership. They are often too embarrassed to discuss the experience<\/a> with friends and family or to report to the police. <\/p>\n

\n \"Red
\n It\u2019s hard to imagine what a romance scam is like if you haven\u2019t experienced it.<\/span>
\n Pla2na\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span>
\n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

PayPal scams<\/h2>\n

Fake payment requests are a common attack that works by volume rather than playing the long game. Payment requests appear to come from a genuine PayPal address. Fraudulent messages typically begin with a generic greeting, an urgent request and a fake link.<\/p>\n

For example, Dear User: You\u2019ve received a payment, or you have paid too much. Please click link below for details. Users are directed to a spoofed website with a legitimate sounding name such as www.paypal.com\/SpecialOffers and asked to enter their account information and password.<\/p>\n

Both of us have received these scam requests \u2013 and even we found them difficult to discern from legitimate PayPal request emails. These scams work through mimicry and play on the human tendency to trust authority. Legitimate PayPal correspondence is usually automatic bot language, so it is not difficult to imitate. <\/p>\n

But remember, genuine messages from PayPal will use your first and last name<\/a>. <\/p>\n

The missing person scam<\/h2>\n

This seems to be a new scam that exploits a person\u2019s kindness. In the past, charity scams involved posing as charitable organisation responding to a recent, real calamity<\/a>. <\/p>\n

The new missing person scam is more sophisticated. The initial plea is a fake missing person post<\/a> that generates likes and shares, increasing its credibility and exposure. Then the fraudster edits the content to create an investment scheme which now has the veneer of legitimacy. <\/p>\n

This scam may work because the initial consumers are unaware that the content is fraudulent, and there is no obvious request. In psychology, this type of persuasion is known as \u201csocial proof<\/a>\u201d \u2013 the tendency of individuals to follow and copy behaviour of others. <\/p>\n

Fake app alerts<\/h2>\n

People post mobile apps, designed to steal users\u2019 personal information, on the Google Play or Apple app store. <\/p>\n

The app often has a legitimate function<\/a>, which gives it a cover. Consumers unknowingly jeopardise their private information by downloading these apps which use malware to access additional information. <\/p>\n

Although there has been media coverage of Android security issues<\/a>, many users assume malware cannot bypass app store screening<\/a>. Again, this scam plays on people\u2019s trust in authority figures<\/a> to keep tjem safe. <\/p>\n

Discuss any investment opportunities with friends, family members or professionals. It\u2019s much easier said than done, but exercising caution one of the best strategies to reduce the chance of becoming a fraud victim. <\/p>\n

Scammers count on people paying little to no attention to their emails or messages before clicking on them or providing valuable information. When it comes to scams, the devil is in the missing details.\"The<\/p>\n

Stacey Wood<\/a>, Professor of Psychology, Scripps College<\/a><\/em> and Yaniv Hanoch<\/a>, Professor in Decision Science, University of Southampton<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stacey Wood, Scripps College and Yaniv Hanoch, University of Southampton Online fraud is today\u2019s most common crime. Victims are often told they are foolishRead More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[8665,8661,722,774,1191,880,778,8664,1644,8663,8662,726,8430,4130,8667,8666,744,8668],"class_list":["post-3917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet","tag-advance-fee-scam","tag-confidence-tricks","tag-creative-commons","tag-crime","tag-deception","tag-fraud","tag-human-behavior","tag-internet-fraud","tag-paypal","tag-romance-scam","tag-scams","tag-shutterstock","tag-social-engineering","tag-spamming","tag-stacey-wood","tag-technical-support-scam","tag-united-states","tag-yaniv-hanoch"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/file-20230619-19-1die33-1024x734.jpg","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/file-20230619-19-1die33-300x215.jpg","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/file-20230619-19-1die33-1024x734.jpg"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow scammers use psychology to create some of the most convincing internet cons \u2013 and what to watch out\u00a0for - 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