{"id":4293,"date":"2023-07-31T05:58:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T05:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=4293"},"modified":"2023-07-31T05:58:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T05:58:40","slug":"the-end-of-twitter-how-elon-musks-rebrand-to-x-could-foster-the-platforms-dark-side","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/the-end-of-twitter-how-elon-musks-rebrand-to-x-could-foster-the-platforms-dark-side\/","title":{"rendered":"The end of Twitter \u2013 how Elon Musk\u2019s rebrand to X could foster the platform\u2019s dark\u00a0side"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/leslie-hallam-145752\">Leslie Hallam<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/lancaster-university-1176\">Lancaster University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Alas, poor Twitter; we knew it well. Or, at least, we thought we did. Despite never occupying more than <a href=\"https:\/\/backlinko.com\/twitter-users\">10% of social media\u2019s online presence<\/a>, western audiences are very aware of the platform. That\u2019s not least because of the way that the mass media echoes and amplifies the controversies and outrage born on Twitter. <\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Well before the fury at current owner Elon Musk\u2019s changes, the platform occupied a strange dual position in our consciousness. It was a place for the slow murmurings of a sleepy populace gossiping around the village well, but also a <a href=\"https:\/\/hbswk.hbs.edu\/item\/hate-spreads-faster-on-twitter-evidence-from-44-news-outlets\">forum for vicious, poisonous invective<\/a>. Birdsong calms and soothes us, but also conveys a warning: \u201cThis is my tree. Come any closer and I\u2019ll attack!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps, then, the demise of the Twitter brand was inevitable. A brand acts like a scar in the mind of a consumer, a reminder of past encounters. Allowing the \u201cshadow side\u201d of a brand to be expressed confuses us. It perhaps reminds us of our inner demons \u2013 to which we gave vent on the website. <\/p>\n<p>This Jekyll and Hyde nature of Twitter has been both embraced and confronted by Musk. Instead of limiting the bile, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/elon-musk-twitter-takeover-has-already-emboldened-trolls-203418376.html\">he has arguably acted in ways that have enabled its release<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Twitter emerged from the ideas of several employees at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/how-twitter-was-founded-2011-4?r=US&amp;IR=T\">the podcasting company Odeo in 2006<\/a>. Those employees included Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone and Evan Williams. After encouraging an influential group of tech industry figures <a href=\"https:\/\/warwick.ac.uk\/fac\/soc\/economics\/research\/centres\/cage\/manage\/publications\/advantage_aut_20_art6.pdf\">to become early adopters<\/a>, Twitter subsequently experienced rapid growth, so that, by early 2010, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.macworld.com\/article\/202810\/twitter-22.html\">users were sending 50 million tweets a day.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>That year, Twitter also overhauled its interface, allowing images and video to be viewed within the website for the first time. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Use_of_Twitter_by_public_figures\">Celebrities started to sign up<\/a>, opening up new ways for fans to interact with their favourite stars. <\/p>\n<p>But the realisation by politicians that Twitter was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/political-science-research-and-methods\/article\/politicians-unleashed-political-communication-on-twitter-and-in-parliament-in-western-europe\/AF03501C445E752094C9B380C4E4913E\">the perfect place for disseminating concise messages<\/a> and comments brought a whole new dimension to the site. They would eventually include the US president: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/05\/19\/us\/obama-joins-twitter-universe-but-hes-not-following-you.html\">Barack Obama joined the platform in 2015<\/a>, tweeting from the @POTUS account. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Barack Obama's Twitter page.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/539926\/original\/file-20230728-17236-48r2yd.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><figcaption>\n              <span class=\"caption\">Barack Obama was the first US president to stamp his mark on Twitter.<\/span><br \/>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/los-angeles-september-28-2017-official-723894409\">Shutterstock \/ Pe3k<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>His successor in the role, Donald Trump, was just as enthusiastic in his use of the platform, but was much more direct in his approach, <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5099544\/donald-trump-tweets-first-year\/\">even using it to announce policies<\/a>. There\u2019s even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.royalholloway.ac.uk\/about-us\/news\/how-twitter-helped-trump-win-the-us-elections\/\">evidence<\/a> Twitter played a key role in his election success.<\/p>\n<p>By this point, Twitter had well and truly become the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-digital-town-square-what-does-it-mean-when-billionaires-own-the-online-spaces-where-we-gather-182047\">digital \u201ctown square\u201d<\/a> Musk would later talk of when announcing his plan to buy the platform in 2022. <\/p>\n<p>As well as creating a platform for politicians, it also played a role in political activism around the world, for example, in the Arab Spring revolutions of 2011 (although it\u2019s precise importance <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/feb\/25\/twitter-facebook-uprisings-arab-libya\">has been<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/journalism\/2012\/11\/28\/role-social-media-arab-uprisings\/\">disputed<\/a>). The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jan\/26\/egypt-blocks-social-media-websites\">Egyptian government considered Twitter significant enough to respond by blocking it<\/a> along with other platforms.<\/p>\n<p>It also became an amplifier of disinformation and misinformation. Pre-Musk, Twitter had made several efforts to crack down on this phenomenon, as well as on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-60403960\">trolling<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/vidhichoudhary\/2020\/08\/11\/twitters-troll-attack-new-feature-limits-who-can-reply\/\">hate<\/a>. Among the many things levelled at Musk-era Twitter is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-64804007\">alleged reversal of these trends<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/02\/technology\/twitter-hate-speech.html\">confirmed<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/technology\/story\/2023-04-27\/hate-speech-twitter-surged-since-elon-musk-takeover\">by research<\/a> but <a href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/post\/171826\/elon-musk-hate-speech-twitter-specific-examples\">denied by Musk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What X means for the brand<\/h2>\n<p>This brings us up to Twitter\u2019s rebranding as \u201cX\u201d. Rebrands come and go, some attracting opprobrium, others passing fretfully into the mists of time. Often, these adventures are underwritten by a need to draw a line under old brand associations, freeing the company to become something new, different and bigger. <\/p>\n<p>But these can also go wrong. In 2001, with plans to expand into overseas markets, Royal Mail <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2011\/oct\/16\/brands-consigned-to-the-dustbin\">changed its name to Consignia<\/a>. A year later, after financial losses mounted, it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/news\/humbled-consignia-reinvented-as-royal-mail-plc-189590.html\">changed the name back again<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>In other cases, rebranding allows companies to align with wider, international requirements. In the late 1990s, after 40 years in existence, the UK sweets brand Opal Fruits <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starburst_(candy)\">changed its name to Starburst<\/a> in order to align with how the product was known abroad.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of X, both of these vectors seem to be in play, aligning the platform formerly known as Twitter with Musk\u2019s ambitions for an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/7\/26\/23808796\/elon-musks-x-everything-app-vision\">\u201ceverything everywhere\u201d uber-brand<\/a>, while creating space for growth \u2013- both in the economic sense and the sense of an evolution into a different product.<\/p>\n<p>X is an undefined variable. It carries connotations of buried treasure, of \u201ctech-bro\u201d innovation, of racy explicitness. And, more than anything, it conveys potential. The abandonment of Twitter\u2019s brand position as light entertainment, in favour of the platform\u2019s dark side, will surely be aided and abetted by the art deco logo.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps this direction, if one believes in the genius of Musk, rather than the primacy of fortune, accurately reflects our current trajectories toward ruthlessness at best or authoritarian command and control at worst.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the brand, aligned closely with Musk\u2019s other endeavours, will act less as a scar, and more of a scab \u2013 a constant reminder for the billionaire that town square gatherings this large cannot be controlled or tamed. <\/p>\n<p>Or perhaps it will illuminate the hollowness of this form of human communication, which sometimes resembles \u201cantisocial media\u201d. This could free us to return to who we really are: individuals embedded in a small social group of collaborative, supportive people, seeking to flourish and grow.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes a fire doesn\u2019t give you a phoenix, instead it just gives you ashes. Despite media characterisations to the contrary, we, the consumers, still have choices. We do not simply, blindly, run when we hear the whistle, jumping for the next shot of dopamine. So, whether or not Twitter is really \u201cdead\u201d, its continued success seems harder to guarantee.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/210397\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1\/1;border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/leslie-hallam-145752\">Leslie Hallam<\/a>, Course Director, Psychology of Advertising Masters Programme, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/lancaster-university-1176\">Lancaster University<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-end-of-twitter-how-elon-musks-rebrand-to-x-could-foster-the-platforms-dark-side-210397\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leslie Hallam, Lancaster University Alas, poor Twitter; we knew it well. Or, at least, we thought we did. Despite never occupying more than 10%<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/the-end-of-twitter-how-elon-musks-rebrand-to-x-could-foster-the-platforms-dark-side\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4295,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[9391,2601,9394,722,108,2852,9397,9392,1310,6617,9393,9395,9389,9390,683,9396,726,1168,723,744,9388],"class_list":["post-4293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet","tag-adryan-samuel","tag-barack-obama","tag-biz","tag-creative-commons","tag-donald-trump","tag-elon-musk","tag-evan-williams","tag-hyde","tag-inc","tag-jack-dorsey","tag-jekyll","tag-leslie-hallam","tag-musk","tag-noah-glass","tag-psychology","tag-royal-mail","tag-shutterstock","tag-twitter","tag-united-kingdom","tag-united-states","tag-x-corp"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/file-20230727-15-bugw5m-1024x666.jpg","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/file-20230727-15-bugw5m-300x195.jpg","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/file-20230727-15-bugw5m-1024x666.jpg"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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