{"id":5214,"date":"2023-11-11T12:26:26","date_gmt":"2023-11-11T12:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/?p=5214"},"modified":"2023-11-11T12:26:26","modified_gmt":"2023-11-11T12:26:26","slug":"internet-of-things-tech-firms-have-become-our-digital-landlords-but-people-are-starting-to-fight-back","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/internet-of-things-tech-firms-have-become-our-digital-landlords-but-people-are-starting-to-fight-back\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet of Things: tech firms have become our digital landlords \u2013 but people are starting to fight\u00a0back"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n        <span class=\"attribution\"><a class=\"source\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/smart-home-concept-remote-control-management-2239959019vvvvv\">Hodoimg<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n      <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/guido-noto-la-diega-472238\">Guido Noto La Diega<\/a>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-stirling-1697\">University of Stirling<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>From smart toasters to fitness collars for dogs, we live in a world where everything around us is gradually being connected to the internet and fitted with sensors so that we can interact with them online. <\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Many people worry about the privacy risks of using these devices because they may allow hackers to listen to our conversations at home. But the contracts for using them are so long we don\u2019t understand which other rights we might be signing away. <\/p>\n<p>During research for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/oa-mono\/10.4324\/9780429468377\/internet-things-law-guido-noto-la-diega?_gl=1*1ybqum4*_ga*MTUyNDIzODc3OC4xNjk1MTM2Nzkx*_ga_0HYE8YG0M6*MTY5ODY4NzM0MS44LjAuMTY5ODY4NzM0MS4wLjAuMA..\">my book<\/a>, I found that using Alexa\u2019s voice command triggers 246 contracts that we have had to accept in order to use it. These contracts transfer our rights and data to countless, often unidentified, parties. For example, they frequently refer to \u201caffiliates\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Despite months of research I wasn\u2019t able to clarify who these affiliates are or even whether these affiliates are subsidiaries or advertisers. Of the 246 contracts, I focused on those that are most likely to be relevant to smart speaker Echo\u2019s users. I found they are on average as long as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (317 pages). Not exactly a light read. <\/p>\n<p>Data analysis company <a href=\"https:\/\/9to5mac.com\/2021\/12\/17\/read-apples-terms-and-conditions\/\">Statista found<\/a>, it would take an hour and a half to read Apple\u2019s terms and conditions for creating an Apple ID. And that\u2019s assuming you don\u2019t need to pause to check the text\u2019s meaning. <\/p>\n<p>Using the Literatin plugin, a Google Chrome extension that assesses the readability of text, I found these contracts are as readable as Machiavelli\u2019s 16th-century political treatise, The Prince. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Does this matter?<\/h2>\n<p>Until recently, we might have been forgiven for thinking that the terms and conditions (T&amp;Cs) we accept when browsing the internet were just a box-ticking exercise and nothing to worry about. <\/p>\n<p>But between January and July 2023, Europe\u2019s lead data protection enforcement authorities \u2013 the <a href=\"https:\/\/noyb.eu\/en\/breaking-meta-prohibited-use-personal-data-advertising\">European Data Protection Board<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62021CJ0252\">EU Court of Justice<\/a> \u2013 shed light on Meta\u2019s (formerly known as Facebook, Inc) practice of relying on these contracts to target us with ads. And, in an unprecedented move, they banned this practice.<\/p>\n<p>T&amp;Cs are not just about our privacy \u2013 and our privacy is not just about our data. By surrounding ourselves with devices with sensors (also known as the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtarget.com\/iotagenda\/definition\/Internet-of-Things-IoT\">Internet of Things<\/a>)\u201d, we\u2019ve effectively invited <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/332821471_Review_of_Joshua_AT_Fairfield_Owned_Property_Privacy_and_the_New_Digital_Serfdom\">digital landlords<\/a> into our homes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.primevideo.com\/help?nodeId=202095490&amp;view-type=content-only\">One example<\/a> I refer to in my book can be found in an Amazon contract that legally binds anyone watching videos on their Echo devices: \u201cPurchased digital content \u2026 may become unavailable \u2026 and Amazon will not be liable to you\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>In other words, if you think that you own your digital content only because you are purchasing it, think again: can we call it property if it can be taken away randomly? <\/p>\n<p>Companies do act on these types of hidden clauses. In 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/07\/18\/technology\/companies\/18amazon.html\">Amazon (rather fittingly) took back the ebooks<\/a> of George Orwell\u2019s Animal Farm and 1984 from its Kindle users due to alleged copyright issues.<\/p>\n<p>Another example is how tractor manufacturer John Deere relied on its end-user licence agreement (Eula) to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2016\/12\/john-deere-really-doesnt-want-you-own-tractor\">stop farmers repairing<\/a> their smart tractors. John Deere\u2019s Eula forbade customers even looking at the software it uses to run its tractors. <\/p>\n<p>Betting giant Spreadex took a customer, Colin Cochrane to court to force him to pay almost \u00a350,000 of gambling losses in 2012, racked up by his stepson. Cochrane\u2019s girlfriend\u2019s son had been \u201cplaying\u201d with his computer without his permission while he was away from the house. <\/p>\n<p>Spreadex pointed the UK account owner to a clause in its customer agreement that equated the use of account passwords with a confirmation of who was behind the screen using the device. <\/p>\n<p>Fortunately for Cochrane, the judge held that the clause was not enforceable because it would have been \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bailii.org\/cgi-bin\/format.cgi?doc=\/ew\/cases\/EWHC\/Comm\/2012\/1290.html\">quite irrational<\/a>\u201d for Spreadex to assume the customer read the agreement and understood its implications.<\/p>\n<h2>Regulation won\u2019t work<\/h2>\n<p>Examples of law reform include the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/uk-children-and-adults-to-be-safer-online-as-world-leading-bill-becomes-law#:%7E:text=The%20Act%20places%20legal%20responsibility,and%20eating%20disorders%2C%20and%20pornography.\">online safety bill in the UK<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_3491\">Data Act in the EU<\/a>. They are both in progress, so we don\u2019t know yet when they will be adopted. <\/p>\n<p>Law reform is a <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2682489\">painfully slow process<\/a>. Big tech and other large stakeholders have a huge influence because they have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/07\/31\/big-tech-spends-20-million-on-lobbying-including-on-coronavirus-bills.html\">money and influence<\/a> to fight laws they don\u2019t like. <\/p>\n<p>Sometimes bills end up so diluted they are of little use. This was the case with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which came into effect at the end of a <a href=\"https:\/\/iapp.org\/resources\/article\/a-brief-history-of-the-general-data-protection-regulation\/\">nine-year process<\/a>. It was born out of date. Several studies have underlined GDPR\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elgaronline.com\/view\/edcoll\/9781800371675\/9781800371675.00031.xml\">inadequacy to deal with new technologies<\/a> such as ChatGPT. <\/p>\n<h2>What does work<\/h2>\n<p>The solution is to collectively organise. Let\u2019s circle back to John Deere and the way the company tried to deprive tractor owners of their right to fix their machines. There is much to learn from those farmers who joined together with hackers to resist \u201csmart power abuses\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>After <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/kbgzgz\/farmers-right-to-repair\">opposing their right to repair campaign<\/a> for years, at the beginning of 2023 John Deere gave in and authorised farmers and ranchers to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/1\/9\/23546323\/john-deere-right-to-repair-tractors-agreement\">fix their own tractors<\/a>. But only after attendees at a hacker\u2019s convention figured out how to \u201cjailbreak\u201d the code that was locking farmers and engineers out. <\/p>\n<p>All around the world, groups of computer scientists, digital rights activists, citizens are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/50e87334-597c-4ef5-adc9-2ea4ee823161\">creating cooperatives<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meetup.com\/topics\/internet-of-things\/\">citizen-led movements<\/a>. They are motivated by partly different <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-57744091\">yet overlapping goals<\/a> for example making the IoT more open and diverse. <\/p>\n<p>Big tech workers are acting collectively to prevent unethical uses of their employers\u2019 technology. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/06\/22\/google-employees-petition-company-to-cancel-police-contracts.html#:%7E:text=The%20announcement%20came%20after%20thousands,are%20using%20it%20for%20harm.\">in 2020 Google employees<\/a> fought to stop the company\u2019s decision to provide its AI to law enforcement agencies despite the <a href=\"https:\/\/sitn.hms.harvard.edu\/flash\/2020\/racial-discrimination-in-face-recognition-technology\/\">failures of facial recognition<\/a>, which has often <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/police-facial-recognition-technology-cant-tell-black-people-apart\/\">perpetuated racism<\/a> and other forms of discrimination. <\/p>\n<p>We can win the fight against smart power through alliances between these collectives.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/193181\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1\/1;border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/guido-noto-la-diega-472238\">Guido Noto La Diega<\/a>, Chair in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-stirling-1697\">University of Stirling<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/internet-of-things-tech-firms-have-become-our-digital-landlords-but-people-are-starting-to-fight-back-193181\">original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hodoimg Guido Noto La Diega, University of Stirling From smart toasters to fitness collars for dogs, we live in a world where everything around<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/index.php\/internet-of-things-tech-firms-have-become-our-digital-landlords-but-people-are-starting-to-fight-back\/\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5215,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowu7GVCw:productID":"","_crdt_document":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[201,574,11058,11062,722,359,11066,11059,11064,11065,491,1547,372,687,11060,11061,1550,9322,11063,1545,723],"class_list":["post-5214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-alexa","tag-amazon","tag-amazon-alexa","tag-colin-cochrane","tag-creative-commons","tag-digital-technology","tag-echo","tag-end-user-license-agreement","tag-guido-noto-la-diega","tag-harry-potter","tag-human-rights","tag-identity-management","tag-internet-of-things","tag-internet-privacy","tag-john-deere","tag-machiavelli","tag-privacy","tag-ring","tag-spreadex","tag-terms-of-service","tag-united-kingdom"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/file-20231027-29-uknyr4-1024x659.jpg","blog_images":{"medium":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/file-20231027-29-uknyr4-300x193.jpg","large":"https:\/\/mpelembe.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/file-20231027-29-uknyr4-1024x659.jpg"},"ams_acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Internet of Things: tech firms have become our digital landlords \u2013 but people are starting to fight\u00a0back - Mpelembe Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"No one has time to read the terms and conditions we are often asked to consent to. 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