Daniel Hoyer, University of Toronto
American humorist and writer Mark Twain is believed to have once said, “History doesn’t repeat itself, but it often rhymes.”
I’ve been working as a historian and complexity scientist for the better part of a decade, and I often think about this phrase as I follow different strands of the historical record and notice the same patterns over and over.
Sept. 15, 2023 /World / — Zambia has experienced internal conflicts including rebellions and uprisings, it has not experienced a full-blown civil war comparable to those seen in several other African nations. Continue reading
June 21, 2023 /World/ — There are certainly some Europeans who have a history of colonialism and exploitation in Africa. These Europeans may be reluctant to accept a peace offering from Africans because they feel that they have been wronged. However, it is important to remember that not all Europeans are responsible for the sins of their ancestors. Continue reading
London, May 4, 2023 /World/ — War is a complex phenomenon with many causes and consequences. It is often about killing, but it is also about much more than that. War can be about power, control, resources, ideology, or even just a misunderstanding. It can be fought between nations, groups, or even individuals. And it can have a devastating impact on all involved, both during and after the conflict.
There are many different theories about why war happens. Some people believe that it is an inevitable part of human nature, while others believe that it is caused by specific factors, such as poverty, inequality, or environmental degradation. There is no single answer that can explain all wars, but it is clear that they are often caused by a combination of factors.
The consequences of war can be just as devastating as its causes. War can lead to death, destruction, displacement, and economic hardship. It can also contribute to the spread of disease, famine, and violence. In the long term, war can undermine democracy, stability, and economic development.
Despite the risks and costs of war, it is important to remember that it is not inevitable. There are many things that can be done to prevent war, such as promoting diplomacy, resolving disputes peacefully, and addressing the root causes of conflict. We must all work together to create a world where war is no longer an option.